Apple s Competitive Strategy Model - 1184 Words

The case that Apple is dealing with is somewhat of a unique case. It is hard to believe that such a profitable organization can be solely run and operated off of one man’s vision and leadership. This article states that Apple fell as a company when Steve Jobs was fired in the 1980’s and is predicting another fall somewhere in the future now that Steve Jobs is deceased. Steve Jobs’ ideas did not only innovate the market but he strategically positioned Apple to build on one another to create sales revenue from all different target markets using 3 devices along with apps. Since Steve Jobs passed, there have not been any new innovations that Apple has released. Because of this, the case is reporting that Apple is headed towards a more sluggish period than they had become accustomed to. Main Issue Statement: Will Apple continue to dominate the PC market without the creativity and passion of Steve Jobs? Analysis: While viewing Porter’s Competitive Strategy Model, I believe that Apple has differentiated its products from that of the competition. When Apple became the leader in its industry, they did not branch out and try and start new products outside of their norm. They kept with the computers and then ventured into the phones and tablets before any other company. They looked to differentiate the products that they offered to their customers from any other company in their industry. Over time it allowed them to set prices such as the OS X Lion to almost $100 cheaper thanShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Sub Competitive Strategy Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness Institute – Holmes institute Subject – Sub competitive strategy Competitive Strategy What is Strategy? The fundamental ideas presented in the video are: Strategy is not same as goals and policies, rather it allow organisations to triumph their goals by classifying and understanding their competences and target markets (Freedman, 2013). Strategy today is being used as a buzz word by business to demonstrate their smartness and judgmentRead MoreIb Competitive Strategy For An Organization1143 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness Institute – Holmes institute Subject – Sub competitive strategy Competitive Strategy What is Strategy? The key ideas presented in the video are: Strategy is not same as goals and tactics, rather it enable organisations achieved their goals by identifying and understanding their capabilities and target markets (Freedman, 2013). Strategy today is being used as a buzz word by business to prove their smartness and acumen. GoalsRead MoreBusiness Analysis- International Strategy and Competitive Advantages for Global Company Apple1130 Words   |  5 Pages133), Apple Inc. was selling its products exclusively in America, initially. Nowadays, Apple has expanded significantly beyond domestic market. Apple has so far succeeded to become a multinational organization, selling products and resourcing law materials globally. To minimize the impact of the existing rivalry in the PC industry at the global edge and to maintain competitive advantage, Apple applies non-competition strategies, (Yoffie, 2004). This section examines the strategies adopted Apple IncRead MoreThe And Rationale For Vendor Sele ction1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe business. Apple computer is a successful industry leader in mobile communications and devices, and computers. Their success is contributed to the strategies for focusing on core competencies and innovation, and partnering with vendors to foster a competitive advantage. This paper provides an insight on the methodology used for the organization in selecting vendors, contracting process and the country risk assessment. Introduction Many organization manage their business strategies through sourcingRead MoreDesigning A Product, Brand, And Service Unique828 Words   |  4 PagesA differentiation strategy is the efforts to make a product, brand, or service unique as compared to all other competitors, hence providing a competitive advantage (Pearce Robinson, 2011, p. 219). There are several key skills and resources that managers should be cognizant of in order to build and base their positive differentiated strategy. The following essay will expand on these topics which include skills and resources, as well as, organizational requirements. To begin with, skills and resourcesRead MoreThe Fuel For Innovation And The Roots Of Competitive Advantage1229 Words   |  5 Pagescompany apart from competitors. They are the fuel for innovation and the roots of competitive advantage, or in other words; Core competencies are the skills, characteristics, and assets that set your company apart from competitors. They are the fuel for innovation and the roots of competitive advantage. Core competencies provides a set of unifying principles for the organization and they are pervasive in all strategies, it provides access to a variety of markets and they are critical in producing endRead MoreApple And The Computer Industry1644 Words   |  7 Pagescompany started off as â€Å"Apple Computer,† best known for its Macintosh personal computers (PCs) in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Despite a strong brand, rapid growth, and high profits in the late 1980s, Apple almost went bankrupt in 1996 (Kim Yoffie, 2010, p.1). This can be explained that Apple has become larger and more significant than other competitors put together in 1980. Because Apple failed to innovate in 1996, the company almost went bankruptcy but eventually Steve Jobs took Apple from bad situationRead MoreApple Case Study : Apple s Competitive Advantage1258 Words   |  6 Pages APPLE CASE STUDY: Executive Summary: The report depicts globally recognized multinational technology company Apple. The first part of the report shows apple’s competitive advantage historically, it provides a detailed analysis about it’s plans , design and framework apple adopted and how they it changed when a new competition IBM entered. Furthermore, the report discusses the PC industry and what are were the major players in it, it also focuses on the shortcomings of the apple company whichRead MoreThe Firm Htc Presentation Script1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthe firm HTC or some of you at this class could use their branded phone now. Let s start to think about the implication from the case study on HTC as a pioneer in smart phone industry. At first we are going to talk the purpose and course of this case. The second we gonna talk is the firm introduction, the third one is the summary of network industry and then we gonna analyze the main issue on this case and strategy of HTC. At the last, we gonna show the present business status of HTC. The firstRead MoreSkype: Strategic Management and Sara Lee1472 Words   |  6 PagesCASE PRESENTATION 1 APPLE 1. What are the chief elements of Apple’s overall competitive strategy? How well do the pieces fit together? Is the strategy evolving? 2. What are the key elements of Apple’s strategy in computers, personal media players, and smartphones? Have its strategies in its core businesses yielded success? Explain. 3. What does a competitive strength assessment reveal about Apple’s computer business, as compared to the leaders in the personal computer industry? Use the

Race, Ethnicity, And Culture - 1329 Words

Lin Qian Shao AAS33A-04 Second Essay Assignment November 26, 2014 Franks/Yamato MW 1:30-2:45 Topic number 2 As society progresses and history is created, many factors such as race, ethnicity, and culture tend to shape the ideas among different people. One major group of people that were severely impacted was the African Americans in the United States during the periods from 1804-1813, 1819-1831, and 1832-1848. Based on the definitions from the Asian Pacific Americans: â€Å"Keywords,† Concepts and History, it is said that race is impossible to be defined race from the biological view, because people have been evolved so much over the years, the gene pool is so mixed that distinguishing people from the biological view is not so accurate. For example, African Americans and native Africans both originated from Africa with similar biological and physical aspects, but they may have different lifestyles and preferences. As the African Americans continue to adapt to the life in the United States, and to have their kids be the first generation American citizens, the society has already shap ed this new group of people to live a complete different life than their native relatives. As the new population of African Americans in a certain region began to share similar lifestyles such as language, culture, and religion, and etc., they began to form similarities among themselves that isolates them away from others with different lifestyles. As people move to a newShow MoreRelatedReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race909 Words   |  4 PagesReflection on Culture, Ethnicity, and Race No one can deny the fact that the United States is rapidly becoming a more culturally and ethnically diverse nation. If the information from The Census Bureau, which projects that by the year 2100, the U.S. minority population will become the majority with non-Hispanic whites making up only 40% of the U.S. population is anything to go by, it is clear beyond any reasonable doubt that we need to prepare the coming generations to comfortably embrace this changeRead MoreReflection On Culture, Ethnicity, And Race905 Words   |  4 PagesREFLECTION ON CULTURE, ETHNICITY, AND RACE No one can deny the fact that United States is rapidly becoming a more culturally and ethnically diverse nation. If the information from The Census Bureau which projects that by the year 2100, the U.S. minority population will become the majority with non-Hispanic whites making up only 40% of the U.S. population is anything to go by, it is clear beyond any reasonable doubt that we need to prepare the coming generations to comfortably embrace this changeRead MoreDiversity, Culture, Race, Ethnicity, And Diversity2089 Words   |  9 PagesOrganizations are made up of man woman, many cultures races, and multiple generations. Some of the organizations are also comprised of disable employees. This is what we called diversity. Diversity is something that has been around in the organizations for decades. Diversity in Collins Dictionary means, the state or quality of being different or varied and range of different things. It is synonyms to variety, mixture, range, and multiplicity. Accor ding to Queensborough Community College in itsRead MoreMy Own Culture, Race, Ethnicity, And Kinship1374 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s society, one’s own culture, race, ethnicity, and kinship is an important aspect to describing an individual. This relationship can be effected in terms of physical appearance and social situations within ones everyday life. Throughout my own life, family and kinship has positively influenced my own values and morals. Because of these aspects, I have experienced some stereotypes of my own race. Throughout my life, my family has impacted how I have looked upon my own morals and valuesRead MoreThe Is The Integrated Pattern Of Human Behavior, Culture, Race, Ethnicity, And Culture922 Words   |  4 Pagesand black (p. 2).† Little to nothing has changed from the small town in 45 years. Although majority of my family is from Forrest City, not everyone has the same living background. Being that I have a huge family, culture, race, ethnicity, and religions amongst everyone differentiate. â€Å"Culture is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group (Lum, 2011, p.17).† The familyRead MoreMy Race Is Black, My Ethnicity, African American And My Culture925 Words   |  4 PagesMy race is Black, my ethnicity is African American and my culture (349) could be described as complicated. In applying these factors to my personal experiences I will refer to Matthew and Emirbayer’s â€Å"What is Racial Domination?† to explain the racial biases and discriminations that I have experienced from Arkansas to Los Angeles and ultimately Irvine. From the day of my birth my life and the opportunities presented or denied have been defined by racial domination and the Institutional racism of WhiteRead MoreCrossing The Border Without Losing Your Past By Oscar Casares973 Words   |  4 Pagessegregation has been terminated; now America embraces and appreciates the various cultures and ethnicities that create this melting pot several people call home. Likewise, it is this melting pot, or mosaic, of races that multitudes of individuals have identified themselves with. Thus, race and ethnicity does matter for it portrays vital and crucial roles in the contemporary American society. Furthermore, ethnicity and race brings communities together in unity, determines which traditions and ideals individualsRead MoreTony Morrison s Tar Baby And White Teeth1590 Words   |  7 PagesHow are race and ethnicity represented in Tar Baby and White Teeth? In what ways do the narratives challenge binary oppositions of centre/margin? Theories of race and ethnicity have never been a high priority in society, and this is reflected through many narratives across the world and throughout time. Majority of narratives focus mainly on centralising the â€Å"whites† or Anglo’s as the focal point of each story, causing a distinguished imbalance or hierarchy, between the â€Å"whites† or Anglo’s andRead MoreRace and Ethicity within Sociology959 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough our culture is said to be completely removed from the idea of racial discrimination, this sense of inequality can be seen occurring behind the scenes within our society. Within the subtopic of race, several areas including our current culture, social psychology and the current format of our social institutions allow for the production and often the reproduction of racial discrimination in our day and age. Throughout this course, the various readings and class lectures have been very beneficialRead MoreWho Is Hispanic? : An I ndividual Of Cuban928 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish-speaking country, culture or origin. This conception of the word Hispanic is board because it includes all people with ties to a Latin American country or country with Spanish culture, while remaining specific by maintaining that that these connections are through origin or culture. Every ten years the U.S. government issues the decennial census which collects data about the actual count of people residing in the United States. The census contains questions pertaining to race and ethnicity, and these items

American Dream Achievability - 996 Words

Do you think the American Dream is achievable? â€Å"I think the American Dream says that anything can happen if you work hard enough at it and are persistent, and have some ability. The sky is the limit to what you can build, and what can happen to you and your family.† (Sanford I. Weill) Before I get into why the American dream is achievable, I think it is important to know what the American dream is. The American Dream is a phrase referring to the freedom that allows all citizens and most residents of the United States to pursue their goals in life through hard work and free choice.The American dream focuses on the success of the individual (not the wellbeing of the whole population). An example of someone who is living (or has lived)†¦show more content†¦Look at how far he made it. There are innumerable examples of others whove risen from obscurity and/or poverty to do very well for themselves and their families. This proves, at least by some measures, yes, the American Dream IS achievable. It is good to have dreams and aspirations because its sets you a goal in life and makes you stand out from the rest, because it’s like having your own purpose. Without dreams, people wouldn’t try to be or even to do anything. People would also have a miserable as well as pointless life with no passion. Furthermore, once you have achieved what you may look at as the American dream, you should continue to push your boundaries. People are encouraged by their own success and usually these same people will wish to go further. But, in many cases people are simply not motivated. A four letter word hinders many: work. There are those who feel entitled to a fancy house, big car, and large salary. They do not understand that for most people not born into privilege, work and self-improvement and persistence is the recipe for success. In Conclusion, my family lives the American Dream. I will hopefully live the American dream and MOST of my friends and neighbors are living the dream. This proves that it is achievable .If you are not willing to work for the American dream, you never will achieve it. And I wont feel the least bit sorry for you. Just stop relying on theShow MoreRelatedJames Truslow Adams And The American Dream1392 Words   |  6 Pages While the idea of the American Dream became more popular during the 17th to 20th centuries, the achievability remained elusive due to a static and hierarchical social order that prevailed throughout this time. Thus, the tireless claims of the New Left for a reformed society are supported by the unchanging accessibility of the American Dream. In his book The Epic of America (1931), James Truslow Adams defined the American Dream as â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer andRead MoreThe American Dream : The Inequality Of The American Dream1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe American dream is one the main reasons many choose to move to the United States in hopes of gaining a better life not only for themselves but for their children. But with so many people striving to achieve their dream, the playing field has become more and more competitive making the dream a complete nightmare to achieve. From getting into colleges for degrees to obtaining desired job positions, moving up the social ladder has become a more strenuous task than ever before. This American dreamRead MoreAmerican Literature in the Period between 1914-1945887 Words   |  4 PagesMany writers of the period 1914-1945, changed and shaped the American literary landscape by the country’s changing of the manufacturing industries, advancement in technologies and the uprooting of many citizens. This era became committed to steering America back to a prewar way of life. Writers were associated with high modernism, objectivist and confessional movement that emerged post World War II. There was a major change socially, politically and culturally emerging multicultural perspectivesRead MoreThe American Dream : The Origin Of The American Dream1527 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The American Dream is a term that is often used but also often misunderstood. It isn’t really about becoming rich or famous. It is about things much simpler and more fundamental than that.† (â€Å"American Dream Quotes†). The American dream: a shining example to all peoples of what true success should be. Or is it? Americans will agree that since it’s conception, the American dream has changed dramatically. However, whether or not the dream has changed for the better is a matter of opinion. In orderRead MoreThe Self -Made Man, The Epitome Of The â€Å"American Dream†1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe self-made man, the epitome of the â€Å"American Dream† is a paragon of virtue, independence, and success. The American dream can be defined as a ‘rags-to-riches’ story. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald challenges the reality of the American dream through Nick Carraway, a fairly well-off young man with no tangible life goals. Since Nick does not have a real dream, he compares the many dreamers in his life to the ideal self-made man. Fitzgerald conveys that upward class mobility isRead MoreThe Right Direction Towards Advancement1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe uncertainty behind these said dreams to greatly increase. The talk of this fantasy or delusion analysis still will remain controversial centuries from now as it seemed centuries ago, but the research continues to grow and make large steps in the right direction towards advancement. (Jung 87) Although most of the dream world presents itself as unknown, scientists now approach a breakthrough that seems virtually impossible--video recording the images of dreams that people leave when they bed downRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1861 Words   |  8 Pagessociety in which it takes place, and such an understanding, at least to a reasonable extent, certainly enhanced my own personal reading of the issues Fitzgerald presents in the text. The social issues of class and class mobility, The idea of the American Dream, multiple moral dilemmas and the values or virtues held closely by us are all explored by Fitzgerald through the use of generic codes. The society Fitzgerald writes from is far different from our own. In the early 1920s, when Gatsby was writtenRead MoreLeadership Skills For Managers By Identifiers Marlene Caroselli1557 Words   |  7 Pagesparamount. To give an idea, the following statistics offer information concerning the amount of Americans experiencing stres s, both at home and at work. According to the American Psychological Association (2012) â€Å"approximately, seven in 10 Americans, report that they experience physical (69 percent) or non-physical symptoms (67 percent) of stress† (para. 05). Finally, since this applies to all Americans, managers not only must acknowledge their own stressors, but also subordinate stressors. WhileRead MoreMalala Yousafzai s Impact On The United States And Western World2523 Words   |  11 Pagesexample of a group of people who dream big, but often have trouble achieving their goals. When they are young and naive they want to be astronauts, firefighters and professional athletes; however, as they grow up they learn what is expected of them in society and change their aspirations. In the novel Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy and Laurie have similar ideas when they are young. For many, however, it is hard to understand the achievability of their goals and these individualsR ead MoreThe Development Of Luxury Industry1920 Words   |  8 Pagessame time, people’s vanities also be expended by luxury which cause the distorted definition of success. The development of luxury industry never leaves human’s vanity. People want to look rich but not poor, specially, in United States and under American Dream. According to â€Å"Sales of the Luxury in Selected Countries in 2013† (see figure 1), the country which has the highest â€Å"sales of the luxury goods† in 2013 is United States which is almost four times higher than Japan which is in the second place

Being Part Of The Lgbt Community - 1799 Words

Part 1: Using peer-reviewed references, describe some of the risk factors for suicide in gay, lesbian, and/or/or bisexual youth in the United States, and how these risk factors are different and the same across these three groups. Provide some data, with original sources, regarding frequency of suicidal ideation, frequency of suicidal attempts, and frequency of suicide completion in these groups. Being part of the LGBT community comes with profound challenges that affect the individuals mentally and psychologically. The Lesbian, Gays, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) group are characterized by persons with a contrary view of the prevailing norm of sexuality that is practiced by the majority of the society who are heterosexual (Boswell, 1999). The primary concern is the mortality rates for the LGB individuals which are attributed suicide cases due to the external pressures that they are faced with. Suicide is an individual’s voluntary and intentional act of taking th eir life away when one feels hopeless and helpless (Rhoads, 1994). Most deaths that occur in the LGB groups are as a result of several individual, relationship, and societal factors that a person is exposed to. Research has indicated that three times the number of LGB youth commit suicide compared to their heterosexual peers (MA, Department of Education, 2006). Additionally, recent study by Grossman and D’Augelli (2007) gave evidence that 45% of the LGB youth contemplated suicide and 26% had attemptedShow MoreRelatedEffects of the Lgbt Community782 Words   |  4 PagesBisexual, and Transsexual Community on Friends and Family. When someone of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transsexual community reveals their sexual orientation to someone who is close to them, those relationships tend to have both negative and positive effects. Many members of the LGBT community feel the need to hide who they are from the people they care about due to their fear of being misunderstood. Negativity can ruin the self esteem of someone of the LGBT community, whereas positivity can strengthenRead MoreThe United States Economy Suffers Greatly Due To The Discrimination1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States economy suffers greatly due to the discrimination of the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) community. In the past twelve years, LGBT businesses have provided $1.7 billion for the United States economy (Marks). Many Americans, especially those from religious backgrounds, are opponents of the LGBT community (Chu). Many LGBT students in high school are bullied and drop out because of all the discrimination. When they d rop out they are not able to obtain an education and get aRead MoreLgbt Community : The Transgender Community930 Words   |  4 Pages LGBT COMMUNITY: Excuse me, what are you doing here in the women s restroom? You are not supposed to be in here; there are no men urinals here!! Yelled the raggedy old lady with a crazy hairstyle, across the bathroom stall, as I was entering the women restroom in the target. Miss Roa face turned tomato red and said â€Å"Excuse me; I am a young lady who deserves fairness, righteousness, and equality. In this country, everyone should have the same equal rights no matter what!! So if you can excuseRead MoreThe Aging Of The United States976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States in 2010 (The State of Aging and Health in America, 2013). Mirroring the aging of the U.S. population as a whole, the number of self-identified LGBT adults age 65 or older is expected to double by 2030 -- from 1.5 million to 3 million (Dennis, 2014). For a marginalized lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community (LGBT), the choice of a health care surrogate to make medical decisions can be very difficult. Issues of disc rimination, lack of legal and social support, varying levelsRead MoreHomelessness Is An Epidemic That Plagues Many People Across The United States1142 Words   |  5 Pagesliving homeless can become especially difficult. Young people of the LGBT community are being put out of their homes, rejected by their families, and shunned by their communities in which they live because of their sexual orientation, something that they themselves have no choice over. This is because of prejudices that are put out by the community as a whole. It is difficult enough growing up as part of a minority group such as the LGBT group, but add homelessness into the equation, there becomes otherRead MoreMedia Analysis Feminism1658 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles related to LGBT issues—typically greater than a dozen for each weekly search—from which I selected only two per week. In sifting through the 16 articles, I identified three important themes that tie, by and large, the articles together: notions of inalienable rights (marriage), the normalization of homosexuality, and LGBT and frequently, by extension, women’s empowerment. I argue that the Times, by virtue of its wide distribution and generally positive portrayal of LGBT people, attempts toRead MoreThe New Laws Protecting Lgbt Community1452 Words   |  6 Pagesshould enter my brain, let that bullet destroy every closet door.†- Harvey Milk. Through time the LGBT community has not been treated with the rights that they deserve. They have not been able to express themselves the way most people are able too. Society has started to accept the LGBT community and give them rights. The new laws protecting LGBT community are affecting society by giving the LGBT community acceptance, preventing violence, and reducing the amount of discrimination. In the 1900’sRead MoreDeaf : The Deaf Community1351 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a Deaf community within nearly every community in America. Spanning across the country, this community overlaps with many other minority groups. There is a Deaf community within nearly every minority group not only in America, but worldwide. According to DeafQueer.org, the Deaf LGBT community is a community is a minority within a minority, making up ten percent of the Deaf community, or 2.8 million people. Although they span many races, classes, and sexualities, Deaf LGBT people tend toRead MoreLegal Situation For Same Sex Couples965 Words   |  4 Pagespartner preferences can be met. This is very important in being able to respect the patient’s wishes and involve the partner in decision making and treatment discussions (Harding, Epiphaniou, Chidgey, 2012, p. 609). Partners facing the loss of their same-sex loved one may experience disenfranchised grief—grief that is not ackn owledged or viewed as legitimate, owing to the relationship not being fully recognized by one’s family or community. This may limit the partner’s ability to grieve openly,Read MoreHomosexuality As A Mental Disorder Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers of the LGBT community have been established to help welcome them into society, along with an improvement of the attitudes of others and their treatments towards the communities’ members. However, homophobia and the segregation of LGBT individuals still persists in modern society to prevent their integration into civilization. Following the declassification of homosexuality as a disease in 1973, a variety of methods have been made in attempts to help members of the LGBT community become assimilated

Racial Inequality Can Be Resolved Using No Violence Free Essays

Looking at society is it easy to identify many global issues circulating the world in our present day. These issues extend from sexual and racial differences to religious affairs to, finally, larger conflicts such as proceeding wars. The aim of this project is to focus on one global issue that in some way directly influences me and has a somewhat negative impact. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Inequality Can Be Resolved Using No Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once identifying the issue and analyzing it I am to research on two identities that have, in the past, been faced with the same issue and attempted to solve it. I am to analyze their methods concluding weather they’ve been successful or not. Taking many affairs into consideration I have concluded to one problem that is most closely linked to my everyday life and me. This problem is racial discrimination. It does not affect me directly as I have never lived in a society where my race was discriminated against however I have lived among a diversity of races and have seen the impact it has on my closer friends. Having chosen the topic I wish to explore I have then formulate my problem into a question which states; How can racial equality be increased using non-violent methods? I have chosen to formulate my question like this because I cannot say that I live in an environment that fully discriminates and degrades racial differences however I can say that it is not an environment and society that is completely oblivious to racial differences as in an ideal situation it should be. I have chosen to explore this problem as I grew up in a multi-racial society where racial discrimination was never a factor as race was completely neglected and everyone seemed to be equal. Moving to my current society I have found that it is not the case and the racial majority here seems to be the white and has very limited views on other races. I found that this could be due to the lack of interaction with other races and find it disturbing as I expected people to be more open minded and less primitive on the situation. As I go to an international school I’d expect the racial tolerance to be higher than amongst people who do not however I was surprised to see racial injustice amongst some of my classmates. I have chosen this problem as even though I am among the majority, according to my race, I am still affected by how the minority is mistreated. Seeing as this is also a global problem I have chosen two personalities who have in the past been faced with this problem and attempted in solving it. My first identity is Martin Luther King Jr. as he fought for the civil rights of African Americans using non-violent methods. And my second identity is Nelson Mandela as he fought against the Apartheid in Africa, persisting nonviolent methods to their full extent. I chose Martin Luther King Jr. as one of my personalities as he fought for racial equality for African Americans in the United States, using nonviolent methods, and Mahatma Ghandi as an influence. He fought through campaigns and in organizations, using strictly no violence, in attempt to achieve his goal, civil rights for African Americans, first in the United States then globally. Nelson Mandela is my second choice, as he fought for his goal over many decades, not necessarily without violence, however with determination to achieve it no matter if it began to seem impossible. Both personalities have had a great impact in the world and have become iconic figures of what they fought for, this is the major reason I chose them and not anyone else. They have gained a title with their name and this is what makes them significant and relevant to this problem. Analysis Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15th 1929 and lived till April 4th 1968, dying at an early age of 39. He was an activist fighting for civil rights of African Americans living in the US at that time. In 1955 he led the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was a political and social protest campaign whose aim was to oppose the Montgomery city policy of segregating the racially different in public transportation. Two years later, in 1957, he assisted the foundation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, of which he became the president. The SCLC is a civil rights organization, which was a huge part of the Civil Rights Movement at that time fighting for the civil rights of African Americans. In 1963 a political rally was held in support of the economical and civil rights of African Americans, it was called the March on Washington, in which Martin Luther King held his â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech outlining racial equality and proposing an end to discrimination. King also tried to expand American values ad include the vision of a ‘colour-blind’ society, which according to his terms was a society oblivious to skin colour and race creating equality for everyone. Subsequently to the speech in 1964 Martin Luther King Jr. became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Piece Price for his engagement in the end to racial segregation and discrimination through civil disobedience and in a peaceful manner. After this he resumed his contributions to help end poverty and stop the then occurring Vietnam War. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4th 1968 the third Monday of each January is celebrated as a U. S. Federal holiday since 1986. Nelson Mandela is a South African born on July 18th 1918. In 1942 he qualified in law from the University of Witwatersrand and joined the African National Congress only two years later. The National Party supported the apartheid policy of racial segregation and won the 1948 election becoming the ruling party in South Africa. After this time Mandela became more active in participating in politics. In 1952 the ANC organizes the Defiance Campaign, which promoted equality amongst South Africans providing full civil rights. This he followed with the Congress of the People in 1955. This also outlined the importance of equality among South African People provided the basis of the anti-apartheid cause. Simultaneously Mandela and Oliver Tambo (1) commenced and operated a law firm providing free or low-cost legal counsel to many blacks who lacked any professional representation. Like Martin Luther King Jr. Mandela was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings of non-violent resistance, as were the following generations of South African anti-apartheid activists. In 1956 Mandela was arrested for treason and was on trail until 1961 when he was finally freed from criminal charge. In 1960 Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the African National Congress, which in June 1961 was finally agreed to. This is how the Umkhonto we Sizwe was formed. This was nothing mor e than an armed wing of the ANC, which fought against the apartheid government. In 1962 Mandela was once again arrested however this time sentenced to five years imprisonment only to be tried with plotting to overthrow the government by violence the following year. With this he was sentenced to lifetime imprisonment. From 1964 till 1982 Mandela was imprisoned at Robben Island Prison, just off the coast of Cape Town. Even during his imprisonment Mandela’s reputation grew as the most significant black leader in South Africa and as the symbol of resistance the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength. His refusal to compromise his political position over his freedom was constant from which his popularity grew even more vastly. On February 11th 1990 Mandela was released after which he immediately returned to his life’s goals that he had set four decades earlier. He served as the South African president from 1994 till 1999. Conclusion It is evident to conclude that in his short lifetime and even shorter time of being active Martin Luther King Jr. accomplished a lot as he had aimed to. It is unfortunate that his death came so soon as he might have been able to proceed with more changes in the world. Mandela also spent a lot of his life fighting for what he believed in, granted not always peacefully, and however unlike King Mandela did spend 27 years in prison, coming out with even more will power and reason to pursue his goals. Both men deserve the recognition they gained and are good role models and identities for this project. It is evident that King fully succeeded in using non violent methods to pursue his goal however the two identities were placed in two different positions, one with more ‘freedom’ one with less, to fight for the same goal. Yet looking back at the times it is evident that the situation for Mandela seemed to be a lot harder hence resulting in him using violence to a certain extent. Solution Campaign methods have proven to be the most widely used in the past and somehow the most successful however the key to their success is the involvement of the government in the issuing of new policies. In our community there an interracial relationship is not banned neither is the use of any public or private factors between the races. Each and every race is regarded as an equal and there is no policy saying otherwise. Yet the factor of racial discrimination is still present, this is not as extreme as it used to be and was presented in Mandela and King’s case however the racial prejudice stands between the actual members of the community. This prejudice most commonly consists of verbal accusations with some violent occurrences however no major events have been marked. Therefore enforcing a campaign to acquire new laws and policies would be pointless, as this would not change anything. This racial prejudice is mostly expressed in schools amongst younger generations and therefore this is where it should be suppressed. As my solution against this problem I would enrol punishments to students who racially discriminate against others. I would enforce the punishment not to be too mild as this will lead to no future change. In my opinion is a child is racially violated in a classroom or in the presence of a teacher they should be sent out preceding a warning. If this behaviour is repeated the student’s inflicting the crime parents should be called in for consultation. This may seem harsh however racial prejudice has a great impact on one person and completely banishing it should be practiced. On a wider scale to encourage the presence of other races the government should enforce the translation of crucial signs and notices as for the foreigners to understand. On a larger scale not much can be done to punish a verbal offender however violence for racial discrimination should be punished. As I mentioned before this issue is not so serious amongst my community outside school and only action to encourage an interracial community can be encouraged. How to cite Racial Inequality Can Be Resolved Using No Violence, Papers

biblio on federalism Essay Example For Students

biblio on federalism Essay French, Stanley G., ed. (1979) Confederation; Philosophers Look at Canadian Confederation/ La confJdJration canadienne: quen pensent les philosophes? Montreal: The Canadian Philosophical Association. Frenkel, Max (1977) Optimizing What? Some Considerations on Federalism, Comparative Research, and Optimal Size of Federal Units. The American Political Science Association. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., September 14, 1977. (Kleine Institutsreihe, nr. 1). We will write a custom essay on biblio on federalism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Frenkel, Max (1981) Besser? Billiger? emailprotected? Ein Beitrag zur Privatisierungs und Aufgabenteilungsdiskussion. Bern: Peter Lang. (Schriften des Forschungsinstituts fhr F`deralismus und Regionalstrukturen; Riehen/Basel, Nr. 9). Frenkel, Max (1983) Der Beitrag Der Kantone Zur Regierbarkeit der Schweiz. Schweizerisches Jahrbuch fhr Politische Wissenschaft Joint Center for Federal and Regional Studies, Switzerland. (Kleine Insitutsreihe, no. 8). Frenkel, Max (1985) Der F`deralismus in der SchweizEntwicklungen und Tendenzen. Bundesrat Pressespiegel, Bonn, W. Germany. (Kommentare und Meinungen hber die Arbeit des Bundesrates und der emailprotected; Stiftung fhr eidgen`ssische Zusammenarbeit). Frenkel, Max (1986) Federal Theory. Canberra, Australia: Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations, The Australian National University. Frenkel, Max, and Toni Blaser (1981) Konkordatsregister; Verzeichnis der Ende 1980 Geltenden Interkantonalen Vertraege Mit Einer Kurzdarstellung des Scweizerischen Konkordatsrechts. Forschungsinstitut fhr F`deralismus und Regionalstrukturen, Riehen, Switzerland. (Kleine Institutreihe, no. 4). Frey, Bruno S. , and Iris Bohnet (1994) The Swiss Experience with Referenda and Federalism. IDIOMA; Revue de linguistique et de traductologie:147160. Frieden, Bernard, J., and Marshall Kaplan (1976) Community Development and the Model Cities Legacy. Joint Center for Urban Studies of MIT and Harvard University. Presented at the conference, Toward New Human Rights: The Social Programs of the Johnson and Kennedy Administrations, Austin, TX, September 1216, 1976. (Working Paper, No. 42). Gabriel, Ralph H., ed. (1954) Hamilton, Madison and Jay on the Constitution; Selections from the Federalist Papers. New York: The Liberal Arts Press. (The American Heritage Series, No. 7). Galligan, Brian, and Georgina Lynch (1992) Integrating Conservation and Development: Australias Resource Assessment Commission and the Testing Case of Coronation Hill. Federalism Research Centre, Australian National Univesity, Canberra, Australia.(14) (Discussion Papers, No. 14). Galligan, Brian, and Cliff Walsh (1991) Australian Federalism: Yes or No. Federalism Research Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.(9) (Discussion Papers, No. 9). Gawthrop, Louis C. (1985) Federalism in the Shadow of the New Dark Age. (Working Paper) Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut dEstudis Autonbmics (1990) Seminari sobre la situacib actual del federalisme als Estats Units dAmPrica. Quaderns de Treball. Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut dEstudis Autonbmics, Barcelona, Spain. Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut dEstudis Autonbmics (1992) Seminari sobre el federalisme canadenc. Quaderns de Treball. Generalitate de Catalunya, Institut dEstudis Autonbmics, Barcelona, Spain. (Series, No. 36). Geser, Hans (1981) Bev`lkerungsgr`sse und Staatsorganisation; Kleine Kantone im Lichte ihrer `ffentlichen Budgetstruktur, Verwaltung und Rechtssetzung. Frankfurt/Main, Germany: Peter Lang. (Schriften des Forschungsinstituts fhr F`deralismus und Regionalstrukturen; Riehen/Basel; Nr. 7.). Gilbert, Charles E. (1969) Of Marble Cakes and Stately Mansions. Public Administration Review 29(1):8794. Gillespie, Judith A. , ed. (1982) Combined Readings for Y103; Introduction to American Politics, Spring 1982. Gladstone, Tracey L. The Rhetoric of Balance; James Madison`s Federalist Papers. (Working Paper) Northern State College, Aberdeen, SD. Glass, Harold E. (1977) Ethnic Diversity, Elite Accomodation and Federalism in Switzerland. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 7(4):3148. Glazer, Nathan (1977) Federalism and Ethnicity: The Experiences of the United States. Publius: The Journal of Federalism 7(4):7189. Goldie, L. F. E. (1965) The Boilermakers Case and Glidden Co. vs. Zdanok A Study in Comparative Federalism. Goodin, Robert E. (1994) The Defense of Deadlock. (Institutional Desing Project of the Research School of Social Sciences of the Australian National University). .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be , .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .postImageUrl , .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be , .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:hover , .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:visited , .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:active { border:0!important; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:active , .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91d0d5b38ebd363e41ead65a762fd2be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Corruption In Famous Last Word EssayGordon, Freeman M. (1980) The Process of Covenant. Workshop on Covenant and Politics, Center for the Study of Federalism, Temple University, Philadelphia. Gordon, Freeman M. (1981) Survival and the PublicPrivate Dimension. Presented at the Seminar on Individuals and Families in Covenant Systems, Workshop on Covenant and Politics, Philadelphia, PA. Gordon, Freeman M. (1983) The Language of Jewish Political Science. Workshop in the Covenant Idea and the Jewish Political Tradition, BarIlan University, Jerusalem, Israel. (Working Paper, no. 24). Gorzelak, Grzegorz, ed. (1988) Regional Dynamics of SocioEconomic Change. Warsaw, Poland: Faculty of Geography and Reional Studies, Institute of Space Economy, University of Warsaw. Govea, Rodger M., and George G. Wolohojian (1975) The Good Federalism Game; Participants Manual for a Simulation of Intergovernmental Relations. Learning Resources in International Studies, Syracuse University, New York, NY. (Learning Packages in the Policy Sciences, no. PS9). Grady, Dennis O. (1984) The American Governor .

Aircraft Conceptual Optimal Performance †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Can New Aviation Engineering Technology Overcome Aircraft Hazards By Improving Structural Damages Of Older Plane? What Are The New Technologies That Aviation Engineering Can Apply For Overcoming The Rate Of Accidents? What Can Be The Recommendations For Improving Aircraft Management Within Aviation Industry? Answers: Introduction: Airport scarcity and older aircraft has become a major issue in the aviation industry in last five years. Due to excess rate of use in older aircraft accidents used to occur rapidly. In addition, due to the presence of untrained airport personnel the aviation industry was facing difficulties in maintaining their customer services effectively. In this kind of situation, the aviation engineering has come forward for overcoming the issue by implementing corrosion control strategies for visual and non-damaging inspections. After the implementation of aviation engineering the aircraft managers has rendered immense control on their management process. As a result, the rate of accidents and customer dissatisfaction level has been reduced. This specific study has focused to make an in-depth overview the necessary risk control and implementation system that aviation industry has implemented for controlling unexpected accidents as well as customers dissatisfaction level. Motivations for the research: As stated by Torenbeek (2013), the rapid progress of globalization has rendered a strong demand on the overall international airport transport. Politicians, business industrialists, sportspersons even individuals leave a major craze towards aviation sector due to the high rate of their demands. As per the scenario of last five years in the market of aviation sector the rate of plane crash has been raised due to the use of older aircraft. In this kind of situation, the aviation engineering department has implemented some of the major risk control strategies based on which the customers are able to get latest aircraft along with operational efficiency. One of the most effective ways of avoiding safety risk from older aircraft is to render new and aging aircraft brands. It is highly necessary for the airliners for maximizing the modern day fleet of aircraft. As per the current trend of fleet management old aircrafts are not removed from the entire airline industry. Sampigethaya Poovend ra (2013) opined that management has maximized the existence of providers. The protection managers have initiated technological obsolescence, new technologies, flight operations and manufacturing sustainment. Older aircrafts generally fail to update due to the reduced aid from producers who are not in the category of commercial enterprise. Significance of the Study: As already been highlighted it has been observed that aviation industry is facing innumerable challenges in maintaining their image and reputation due to the repeated occurrence of accidents. As emphasized by Patron, Botez Labour (2013) structural damages in the parts of aircraft is one of the most significant reasons due to which aviation industry is facing immense challenges in retaining their customer loyalty. After identifying this specific issue the aviation technology has taken some of the major initiatives and risk implementation system for regaining the image and recognition. This specific study has made an in-depth overview on how aviation technology is implementing risk management system with the help of which customers tend to show their satisfaction level in using the service of aviation industry. Jackson (2015) opined that the chance of telegram failure in aircraft step-up has become one more significant issue due to which accidents occur frequently. However, this speci fic research has focused to identify the major issues that aviation industry is facing currently. The study has critically evaluated how new aviation engineering technology can overcome aircraft hazards by improving structural damages of older plane. At the same time some of the major the recommendations for improving aircraft management within aviation industry has also been portrayed in this specific study. Research design: In order to conduct the entire research work the research has to follow some effective methodological tools with the help of which necessary data and information is collected from various reliable sources (Nagel et al., 2012). In this specific research proposal the study would focus to use positivism research philosophy in order to make an in-depth and keen observation about the research issue. In order to accomplish the entire research successfully primary source of data collection technique would be used. Theoretical Orientation: Customers are showing their intense level of dissatisfaction for using the services of airlines. In this kind of situation, the managers belonging to aviation industry has implemented new technology for reducing the risk factors that has been grown for using older aircraft. The concept of agency theory implies that the business managers before implementing risk control system within aviation industry has focused to make an in-depth evaluation on how the stakeholders can be attracted towards using the services of airline industry. In order to overcome the risk factors the agency has implemented new technology for avoiding risks. Verhagen et al. (2012) stated that the personnel within the aviation industry has been provided an effective training session in order to enhance their professional skill and competency level. As a result, customers do not have to feel insecure while using the services. This particular risk management theory has been implemented in this specific study for maki ng a good rapport with the stakeholder so that stakeholders do not show their reluctant attitude in using the services. Findings and application: As a result, the rate of customer dissatisfaction is getting raised day by day. Henderson, Martins Perez (2012) opined that the business organizations have to face innumerable difficulties for dealing with the customers effectively. In order to overcome this kind of crisis the aviation technology has focused to implement corrosion control strategies for visual and non-damaging inspections. Implementation of voice sensor is one of the most significant initiatives for dealing with the situation effectively. The protection managers have initiated technological obsolescence, new technologies, flight operations and manufacturing sustainment. As a result, the rate of accidents has been checked. New technology has rendered a rapid growth on the overall aviation industry. Customers have showed their positive outlook for use the services. Ramasamy et al. (2013) stated that the industry personnel have enhanced their professional skill and competency level. Automatically, the service providers and the service users share a good rapport in between them. After the initiatives taken by aviation engineers the business organizations have showed a positive result. Construction industry injury risk scenario in Australia Australia is facing innumerable developing issues for maturing the populace of airplane armada. The professionals are not very much efficient in fulfilling the needs and demands of customers. The professionals fail to maintain an effective communication with the customers due to the lack of skill. In addition, Australia is using maturing airplane which is influenced by erosion and weakness (Katnam, Da Silva and Young, 2013). Classification of injuries The injuries that construction industry of Australia is facing currently include damages in stockpiling area, flying machine, overall airship administration and so on. In order to overcome the damages in mechanical parts the aviation engineers have implemented new technology for overcoming the crisis. On the other hand, in order to overcome administrative constraints the managers have rendered change management within administration so that the business executives can keep a constant control over the entire process of services (Gardi et al., 2014). 3.1.3 High rise scenario This particular factor signifies enormous danger for the travelers. In addition, Australia aircrafts are facing immense structural damages that rendered a major negative impact on the overall business reputation. In order to overcome this kind of situation, the business managers can provide a professional training to the employees of Australia aviation sector for maintaining a balance between customers demand and supply. At the same time, construction industry of Australia should some major initiatives as well including flying hours, fabricate principles, confirmation premise, support models, repairs benchmarks, pressurization cycles and so many. This specific study has focused to make an in-depth overview about the importance of using deductive approach along with descriptive research design in order to accomplish the entire research work successfully. While making an effective research design the researcher focuses to follow the ethical considerations with the help of which the data will be collected by following proper value and belief. While collecting proper data and information from various employees of aviation industry the participants should not be forced for providing necessary responses (Alexander, 2013). In order to implement some major risk management factors the study has focused to use effective risk management theories among which the implication of agency theory is the most prominent. As critically evaluated by Reason (2016), agency theory signifies the relationship between principals and agents. In this specific study, the researcher has focused to make a co-relation between managers and stakeholders. After the frequent occurrence of accidents aviation industry is going through the challenging phase. This particular literature review has focused to make an in-depth evaluation about the impact of aviation engineering on aircraft management. It is at the same time undeniable that the researcher could have focused to discuss about the necessary factors that hamper highly in maintaining aircraft management in the aviation sector. After identifying this specific issue innumerable practitioners have showed their interest in conducting an effective research on aircraft management. Gudmundsson (2013) opined that the aviation technology has decided to make a spy of failed aircraft shape regularly. As a result, the personnel can take a major prevention from being occurring frequent accidents. In addition, a voice sensor has been implemented from rectifying the structural damages. In addition, the managers have implemented training and development session for enhancing the professional skill and competency of personnel. As a result, the customers would be able to show their level of interest for using the services of airline industry. After making an effective quantitative data collection procedure the study would focus to gather data from 50 employees associated with aviation industry. As a result, the employees would be able to provide a direct feedback to the researcher. An immediate feedback is highly effective for accomplishing the entire process of work successfully (Sadraey, 2012). At the same time, the research work will focus to use non-probability sampling technique in order to gather appropriate data from specific number of respondents. Research instrument In order to conduct the research the study focuses to use survey questionnaires based on which 50 employees have to be thrown necessary questions regarding the research issue. In addition, translators, recorders and software tools are the necessary instruments that are used for conducting the entire research work. Conclusion After evaluating the entire study it can be analyzed that aviation engineering should implement some of the major strategies and policies for controlling the risk factors happening with older aircrafts. A professional training on communication skill as well as technological skill is sufficient enough in making the entire administration structure effective. As a result, customers would like to show their interest in using the service process of Australia aviation sector. Reference List: Alexander, D. (2013). Volcanic ash in the atmosphere and risks for civil aviation: a study in European crisis management.International Journal of Disaster Risk Science,4(1), 9-19. Gardi, A., Sabatini, R., Ramasamy, S., Kistan, T. (2014). Real-time trajectory optimisation models for next generation air traffic management systems. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 629, pp. 327-332). Trans Tech Publications. Gudmundsson, S. (2013).General aviation aircraft design: Applied Methods and Procedures. Butterworth-Heinemann. Henderson, R. P., Martins, J. R., Perez, R. E. (2012). Aircraft conceptual design for optimal environmental performance.The Aeronautical Journal,116(1175), 1-22. Jackson, M. S. (2015).Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft: A Domain-specific Adaptation. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Katnam, K. B., Da Silva, L. F. M., Young, T. M. (2013). Bonded repair of composite aircraft structures: A review of scientific challenges and opportunities.Progress in Aerospace Sciences,61, 26-42. Nagel, B., Bhnke, D., Gollnick, V., Schmollgruber, P., Rizzi, A., La Rocca, G., Alonso, J. J. (2012, September). Communication in aircraft design: Can we establish a common language. In28th International Congress Of The Aeronautical Sciences, Brisbane. Patron, R. F., Botez, R. M., Labour, D. (2013). New altitude optimisation algorithm for the flight management system CMA-9000 improvement on the A310 and L-1011 aircraft.The Aeronautical Journal,117(1194), 787-805. Ramasamy, S., Sabatini, R., Gardi, A., Liu, Y. (2013, August). Novel flight management system for real-time 4-dimensional trajectory based operations. Inproceedings of AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference(pp. 58-60). Reason, J. (2016).Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Sadraey, M. H. (2012).Aircraft design: A systems engineering approach. John Wiley Sons. Sampigethaya, K., Poovendran, R. (2013). Aviation cyberphysical systems: Foundations for future aircraft and air transport.Proceedings of the IEEE,101(8), 1834-1855. Torenbeek, E. (2013).Synthesis of subsonic airplane design: an introduction to the preliminary design of subsonic general aviation and transport aircraft, with emphasis on layout, aerodynamic design, propulsion and performance. Springer Science Business Media. Verhagen, W. J., Bermell-Garcia, P., van Dijk, R. E., Curran, R. (2012). A critical review of Knowledge-Based Engineering: An identification of research challenges.Advanced Engineering Informatics,26(1), 5-15.